By The Smartencyclopedia Staff & Agencies
Tokyo, Japan: Health authorities in Japan have issued a stark warning regarding a notable surge in potentially life-threatening streptococcal infections, with Tokyo particularly affected by a tripling of cases within a year.
A report released by the health ministry as of March 10 reveals a concerning total of 474 cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), a severe form of streptococcal infection with a mortality rate of up to 30 percent.
Over the past five years, cases of throat infections caused by streptococcus bacteria have quadrupled nationwide. STSS is a severe condition wherein the infection spreads throughout the body, posing a risk of organ failure.
Dr. Hitoshi Honda, a professor of infectious diseases at Fujita Health University, emphasized the importance of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of invasive streptococcal infections. He underscored that strep throat, unlike respiratory diseases such as pneumonia or COVID-19, is not likely to trigger a pandemic scenario due to its transmission through droplets.
The surge in cases has even disrupted international events, with the North Korean soccer team canceling a World Cup qualifier match in Japan due to the outbreak.
Since its first identification in Japan in 1992, STSS has typically seen an average of 100-200 cases annually. However, in 2019, the number skyrocketed to a record high of 894 cases.
STSS is primarily caused by streptococcus pyogenes, commonly known as strep A, which can result in sore throats, particularly among children. Alarmingly, between July and December last year, 65 individuals under 50 were diagnosed with STSS, with approximately one-third succumbing to the illness.
Professor Ken Kikuchi of Tokyo Women’s Medical University expressed deep concern about this year’s significant increase in severe invasive streptococcal infections. He attributed the surge to the reclassification of COVID-19, prompting a decline in fundamental infection prevention practices like regular hand disinfection.
Kikuchi emphasized the urgency of understanding the infection cycle of severe invasive streptococcus pyogenes diseases and implementing immediate control measures. He suggested that individuals’ immunological status following recovery from COVID-19 might influence their susceptibility to other microorganisms.
The recent spike in streptococcal infections underscores the ongoing challenges in combating infectious diseases, even as attention remains focused on managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Vigilance and adherence to preventive measures are crucial in mitigating the impact of such outbreaks on public health.
What is Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS)?
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition caused by certain strains of the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, commonly known as group A streptococcus (GAS). STSS is characterized by a rapid and overwhelming infection that can lead to multi-organ failure and death if not promptly treated.
The condition typically occurs when the bacteria enter the body through a wound or a break in the skin, although it can also result from infections of the respiratory tract or soft tissues. Once inside the body, the bacteria release toxins that trigger a severe inflammatory response, leading to tissue damage and systemic symptoms.
Symptoms of STSS may include:
- High fever
- Rapid heartbeat
- Low blood pressure
- Rash
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle pain
- Confusion or disorientation
- Organ dysfunction
STSS requires immediate medical attention and treatment with antibiotics and supportive care, including intravenous fluids and medications to stabilize blood pressure and manage symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or drain abscesses.
Preventive measures for STSS include practicing good hygiene, promptly treating any wounds or infections, and seeking medical care if symptoms of an infection worsen or become severe. Additionally, individuals with a history of recurrent streptococcal infections or other risk factors may benefit from preventive antibiotic therapy.
While STSS is relatively rare, it can occur in otherwise healthy individuals, and prompt recognition and treatment are essential for a successful outcome. Public awareness of the symptoms and risk factors of STSS, along with timely medical intervention, play a crucial role in preventing complications and saving lives.