By José Carlos Palma* In the annals of military history, the valor and sacrifice of ancient Roman soldiers stand as a testament to the enduring spirit of service. Yet, amidst the glory of conquest and the grandeur of empire, there lies a lesser-known tale – the fate of disabled Roman

The first Turkish president Mustafa Kemal in 1918, at the time still commander of the Ottoman army. By José Carlos Palma* In the annals of history, few events carry the weight of seismic transformation like the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent reforms ushered in by Mustafa Kemal

By Smartencyclopedia Staff A rare historical artifact, known as a “pilgrim’s badge,” dating back to the Middle Ages, has recently been discovered in Wólka Nieliska, Poland, with the assistance of a metal detector. This object has sparked significant interest among scholars as it is believed to have served as a

By José Carlos Palma* Introduction The Cold War era was marked by intense geopolitical tensions, with the Soviet Union and the United States engaged in a precarious nuclear standoff. Strategic command and control played a crucial role in shaping the course of events, and the Soviet General Staff developed intricate

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff In the throes of the 1960s, a tumultuous era marked by the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a figure synonymous with the fight for racial equality, found himself at the intersection of activism and electoral politics. In 1967, as

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff Moscow, Russia — The enduring legacy of Vladimir Lenin, a polarizing figure in Russian history, continues to spark debate and reflection on the nation’s complex past. From hero to symbol of totalitarianism, Lenin’s imprint on Russia’s trajectory is undeniable. As discussions persist on whether to consign

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff Cairo, Egypt — In a monumental endeavor described as the “project of the century,” archaeologists in Egypt, alongside a Japanese archaeological mission, have initiated a colossal mission to reconstruct the exterior of Giza’s smallest pyramid, the Pyramid of King Menkaure. Dating back over 4,000 years, the

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff & Agencies OSWIECIM, Poland (AP) — A solemn ceremony unfolded in southern Poland as survivors of Nazi death camps gathered to commemorate the 79th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau during World War II. Approximately 20 survivors from various Nazi camps across Europe participated in the

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff  Have you ever come across the term “Xmas” and wondered why it’s used as an abbreviation for Christmas? Contrary to common misconceptions, this centuries-old practice has a deeper historical significance dating back to the mid-1500s. The use of “Xmas” is not an attempt to save space

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff  In December 1979, the Soviet Union embarked on a fateful endeavor by invading Afghanistan. This military intervention initially intended to bolster the communist regime and quash the Mujahideen rebellion, ultimately became a protracted and devastating conflict that contributed significantly to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

By José Carlos Palma* The Scientific Revolution was a period of rapid scientific advancement that occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries. It began in Europe and spread to other parts of the world, such as Asia and North America. The Scientific Revolution was characterized by a new approach to

By Smartencyclopedia The mystery of the Ninth Legion, also known as the Legio IX Hispana, has lingered for centuries, tantalizing historians, archaeologists, and enthusiasts alike. This elite Roman military unit, renowned for its valor and contributions to the Roman Empire, seemingly vanished from historical records, leaving behind a trail of