By The Smartencyclopedia Staff & Agencies  In a momentous archaeological breakthrough, researchers in the historic town of Chepstow have uncovered a 2,000-year-old wooden bridge that once served as a crucial link between England and Wales during the Roman era. The discovery, unveiled during an “extreme low tide event,” marks a

 By José Carlos Palma* The distinctive helmet designs of ancient Greek and Roman soldiers reflect profound differences in combat tactics, strategic priorities, and cultural influences. Let’s delve into the fascinating evolution of these iconic helmets and the unique considerations that shaped their designs. The Greek Perspective: Protection and Intimidation in

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff Cairo, Egypt — In a monumental endeavor described as the “project of the century,” archaeologists in Egypt, alongside a Japanese archaeological mission, have initiated a colossal mission to reconstruct the exterior of Giza’s smallest pyramid, the Pyramid of King Menkaure. Dating back over 4,000 years, the

By Smartencyclopedia The mystery of the Ninth Legion, also known as the Legio IX Hispana, has lingered for centuries, tantalizing historians, archaeologists, and enthusiasts alike. This elite Roman military unit, renowned for its valor and contributions to the Roman Empire, seemingly vanished from historical records, leaving behind a trail of

By José Carlos Palma* The history of Britain is a tapestry woven with threads of conquest, decline, and resurgence. Among the most significant chapters in this narrative is the departure of the Romans from Britain—a pivotal moment that ushered in the post-Roman era. This article delves deep into the multifaceted

By Smartencyclopedia The Classical World, encompassing the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome, experienced a gradual decline and transformation over several centuries, marked by significant events and transitions. One pivotal event that is often regarded as the end of the Classical World is the fall of the Western Roman Empire

By Smartencyclopedia The Turduli were an ancient Celtic people who lived in the southwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula, in what is now modern-day Portugal and Spain. They were one of the several Celtic tribes that inhabited the region, along with the Celtiberians and the Lusitanians. The origins of the

By José Carlos Palma * The Olmecs were an ancient civilization that inhabited the Gulf Coast region of Mexico from approximately 1400 BCE to 400 BCE. They are considered one of the most mysterious civilizations of Mesoamerica, as very little is known about them, including their language, their social structure,

Specific ancient Egyptian recipes for chemical mixtures used in embalming different human body parts are identified in a study published in Nature this week. The findings, based on analyses of an ancient embalming workshop in Egypt, advance our knowledge of the processes involved in ancient Egyptian mummification. The mummification process in ancient

The Archaeological Site of Pompeii, in Italy, announced today the discovery of several typical “middle-class” dwellings with closets full of objects that had been closed since the eruption of the Vesuvius volcano that devastated the city two millennia ago. The director of the archaeological site, Gabriel Zuchtriegel, explained in a