By José Carlos Palma* Nationalism, the sense of pride and identity associated with one’s nation, is a force that has shaped histories, defined borders, and kindled both unity and conflict. In the 21st century, the resurgence of nationalist sentiments across the globe raises profound questions about its role and impact.

The first Turkish president Mustafa Kemal in 1918, at the time still commander of the Ottoman army. By José Carlos Palma* In the annals of history, few events carry the weight of seismic transformation like the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent reforms ushered in by Mustafa Kemal

By José Carlos Palma* Introduction The Cold War era was marked by intense geopolitical tensions, with the Soviet Union and the United States engaged in a precarious nuclear standoff. Strategic command and control played a crucial role in shaping the course of events, and the Soviet General Staff developed intricate

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff In the throes of the 1960s, a tumultuous era marked by the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a figure synonymous with the fight for racial equality, found himself at the intersection of activism and electoral politics. In 1967, as

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff Moscow, Russia — The enduring legacy of Vladimir Lenin, a polarizing figure in Russian history, continues to spark debate and reflection on the nation’s complex past. From hero to symbol of totalitarianism, Lenin’s imprint on Russia’s trajectory is undeniable. As discussions persist on whether to consign

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff & Agencies OSWIECIM, Poland (AP) — A solemn ceremony unfolded in southern Poland as survivors of Nazi death camps gathered to commemorate the 79th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau during World War II. Approximately 20 survivors from various Nazi camps across Europe participated in the

By The Smartencyclopedia Staff  In December 1979, the Soviet Union embarked on a fateful endeavor by invading Afghanistan. This military intervention initially intended to bolster the communist regime and quash the Mujahideen rebellion, ultimately became a protracted and devastating conflict that contributed significantly to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

By José Carlos Palma George McMahon was a British man who was accused of being a fascist assassin. He was arrested in 1939 after being found in possession of a gun and ammunition. McMahon claimed that he was a British spy and that he was carrying the gun for self-defense.

By José Carlos Palma * The assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, was a watershed moment in American history. The event was a shock to the nation, and it remains one of the most controversial and debated events in American history. The Warren Commission, which was