Embraer C-390 Millennium

Development

aviao kc390 1280x450 1

Studies

Between 2005 and 2007, Embraer intended to use the wing and GE CF34 engine of the mature Embraer E-190 with a cabin modified as a cargo hold with a rear ramp, closed-loop fly-by-wire and synthetic vision. The initial design was a high-wing E190.

By 2006, Embraer was studying a military tactical transport design of a similar size to the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, powered by 17,000–22,000 lbf (75.6–98 kN) engines like the Pratt & Whitney PW6000 or Rolls-Royce BR715. In April 2007, Embraer reported it was studying a medium-size airlifter, with the company designation “C-390”.^[15] The transport aircraft is to incorporate many of the technological solutions from the Embraer E-Jet family series and feature a rear ramp for loading and unloading a wide range of cargo.

4880764

In March 2008, the Brazilian Government planned to invest about R$60 million (or US$33 M) in initial development of the aircraft and the Brazilian Air Force was simultaneously finalizing an initial purchase contract for some 22 to 30 aircraft, while Embraer was negotiating with possible partners. In May 2008, the Brazilian Congress released R$800 million (US$440M) to be invested in the project and development of the aircraft. The media also claimed that this aircraft is going to be used not only by the Brazilian Air Force, but also by their Army and Navy, with unconfirmed sales to other government agencies.

1200px Embraer KC 390 EMB 390 PT ZNJ Brasil Forca Aerea Voo de teste em Teresina

Embraer KC 390 EMB 390 PT ZNJ Brasil Forca Aerea in Teresina

Program launch

45c4151f 21ea 4122 9397 f0ea8c7a15e1

On 14 April 2009, Embraer was awarded with a $1.5 billion contract to develop and build two prototypes. At the programme launch, the design was all-new, with a new fuselage cross-section, wing, engine and flight deck, beyond the E-190 limited wing surface and engines, to replace the operating envelope of the Brazilian Air Force’s C-130s. In Embraer’s view, the jet engine is sufficiently resilient to dust ingestion, whereas propeller tips close to the ground are susceptible to damage. Embraer also chose the IAE V2500 engine for efficiency in normal conditions rather than performance in unusual conditions like the Antonov An-32.

1517938432 Untitled 2

In March 2010, Embraer drew up a development schedule, with the first prototype aircraft scheduled to be delivered in late 2014. In July, during the Farnborough Airshow, the Brazilian Air Force announced it will order 28 C-390s and Embraer announced an increase in the cargo capacity to 21 t (46,000 lb). During the 2011 Paris Air Show, Embraer announced plans to launch a stretched version of the C-390 focused on the civil cargo market in 2018, with 200–250 predicted orders over a 10-year period. Two plugs will be added fore and aft of the centre fuselage section increasing internal capacity, but also providing for a side cargo door.

In April 2011, Embraer estimated 695 military transport aircraft will need to be replaced during the following decade.

Partnerships

In August 2010, Argentine Defence Minister Nilda Garré announced that Argentina will participate in the construction of the aircraft. On 24 August, the defence ministers of Chile and Brazil signed an agreement for Chile’s ENAER company to join the C-390 industry team. Colombia also signed an agreement to join the programme. On 10 September 2010, the defense minister of Portugal signed an intentions letter to join the programme. On 14 December 2011, Brazil and Portugal agreed a defense partnership with EEA engineering components to be built by Embraer’s Portuguese subsidiary OGMA.

In April 2012, Boeing and Embraer signed a cooperation agreement. In June, they partnered to develop the C-390 and possibly to sell it.

Major subcontractors include Aero Vodochody for the rear fuselage section, Rockwell Collins for the avionics, BAE Systems for the fly-by-wire primary flight control system, ELEB for the landing gear,^[34] and Rockwell Collins for the cargo handling and aerial delivery system. International Aero Engines (IAE) supplies the V2500-E5 turbofans, its first military application. Fábrica Argentina de Aviones supplies the tail cone, cargo door and landing gear doors.

Flight testing

60406 kc 390 marcio jumpei 72147

Two prototypes were planned by the program. The first prototype (PT-ZNF) rolled out from the Embraer subsidiary plant, Embraer Defense and Security, at Gavião Peixoto, São Paulo on 21 October 2014, and flew for the first time on 3 February 2015.

In July 2015, the company announced a two-year delay in the flight test program, citing the devaluation of the Brazilian currency and government spending cuts. However, a second test flight took place at Gavião Peixoto on 26 October 2015. By February 2016, the first prototype had logged more than 100 hours of flight. With the resumption of flight-testing, the manufacturer expected to certify the aircraft in 2017 and begin deliveries in 2018. The eight months between test flights were used to conduct ground vibration tests to validate aeroelastic models, as well as avionics, mission, landing gear and electric and hydraulic flight control system testing. Embraer has reported good availability for testing, sometimes doing two flights per day. The aircraft was tested to the limits of speed, Mach number, and altitude, as well as all slats, flaps and landing gear positions.

64218 kc 390 brazilian air force 77465

The second prototype (PT-ZNJ) was finished in March 2016 and made the first flight on 28 April 2016. By then, Richard Aboulafia’s Teal Group estimated the C-390 price at $50–55 million, $15 million less than the Hercules.

On 17 October 2017, the first prototype (PT-ZNF) had an uncommanded descent from 20000 ft to 3100 ft at 4500 ft/min. In December 2017, as the two prototypes accumulated over 1,500 flight hours and laboratory testing over 40,000 hours, initial operating capability was reached while full operational capability was expected in 2018. On 5 May 2018, the first prototype (PT-ZNF) ran off the runway during a ground test in Gaviao Peixoto, Brazil.The third C-390 built and first production aircraft first flew on 6 October 2018.

After 1,900 flight hours in testing, the C-390 received Brazilian civil type certification on 23 October 2018; the first production aircraft is to be delivered to the Brazilian air force in the first half 2019 and should obtain military certification by the end of 2019. The third aircraft (PT-ZNG), originally slated for the first delivery, has been redirected to complete certification.

On 8 February 2021, Embraer and the Brazilian Air Force tested a KC-390 in extreme cold conditions in the US.

Joint venture and name change

On 18 November 2019, Boeing (49%) and Embraer (51%) announced a joint venture to promote and develop new markets for the C-390 Millennium tactical transport aircraft, called Boeing Embraer – Defense, to operate after the regulatory approvals and closing conditions. Boeing terminated the planned joint ventures on April 24, 2020.

Design

Embraer built the C-390 around the 18.5 m (61 ft) long, 3.45 m (11.3 ft) wide and 2.95 m (9 ft 8 in) high hold with a rear ramp. Its twin IAE V2500-E5 turbofans are mounted forward on the high wing with anhedral angle, slats and up to 40° flaps High-lift devices. The landing gear has low-pressure tires, two 5.9 bar (85 psi) on the nose and four 7.2 bar (105 psi) on either side bogies for soft, unpaved ground or damaged runways. Fly-by-wire flight controls with active sidesticks allows load factors up to 3g. The cockpit has head-up displays for the enhanced vision system with four cameras and Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion commercial avionics.

Embraer c 390 Millennium medium size military transport aircraft

The aircraft can carry 26 t (57,000 lb): two fully tracked M113 armored personnel carriers, one Boxer or Brazilian VBTP-MR Guarani wheeled armored vehicle, a Sikorsky H-60 helicopter, 74 litters with life-support equipment, up to 80 soldiers or 66 paratroopers with full gear, and loads of up to 42,000 lb (19 t) can be air dropped. The C-390 can refuel in flight other aircraft through two wing-mounted probe and drogue pods from Cobham plc delivering up to 1,500 L (400 US gal) per minute from a 35 t (77,000 lb) total fuel capacity, between 120 to 300 kn (220 to 560 km/h) and from 2,000 to 32,000 ft (610 to 9,750 m).

With extended slats, idle thrust and flight spoilers extended to 40°, it descends at a rate of 9,000 ft/min (2,700 m/min) at its 300 kn (560 km/h) maximum IAS. With flaps full at 40 degrees, it stalls at 104 kn (193 km/h) IAS.

Operational history

Brazil

ala 2

In 2014 the Government of Brazil ordered 28 C-390s with the intention of progressively replacing the Brazilian Air Force’s cargo aircraft fleet, including its C-130s. The first C-390 was officially delivered to the Brazilian Air Force on 4 September 2019. The fleet of C-390s will be operated from Anápolis Air Force Base by the 1st Troop Transportation Group (1º GTT) Zeus.

In January 2021, in the middle of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brazilian city of Manaus, located in the interior of the amazon rainforest, was left with an overburdened medical service needing medical supplies and help with transferring patients. A major operation was set up by the Brazilian air force, mobilizing all its available transport aviation. The C-390 played a key role in this operation, carrying out an airlift mission connecting the city of Manaus to the rest of the country, taking hospital supplies and removing hundreds of patients from an overloaded Manaus.

In February 2022 the Brazilian Government and Embraer agreed to downsize the order for C-390s to 22, down from an original order of 28, due to COVID-19 induced financial austerity measures.

Hungary

On 17 November 2020, almost six months after Hungary retired its last Soviet era An-26 military cargo plane, Embraer announced that Hungary had signed an order for two KC-390s, along with full training, support and maintenance. The first aircraft is to be delivered to the Hungarian Air Force in 2023, with the second following in 2024. The configurations that the Hungarian Defence Forces ordered include the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) kit, enabling Hungary to provide intensive care medicine in humanitarian missions abroad.

On 19 November 2021, Embraer’s Gavião Peixoto facility has started assembly of the first KC-390 destined for Budapest, due to be delivered by 2024.

Portugal

Portugal FAP KC 390

In February 2010 Embraer proposed the C-390 to the Portuguese Ministry of Defense as a replacement option for the Portuguese Air Force’s aging fleet of C-130s. In December 2011 the Portuguese government was to sign an €87–million contract with Embraer for part of the production of the C-390.

In 2017 the Portuguese Government authorized the purchase of five C-390 military aircraft, with the option for a sixth. Portugal is to buy five C-390s and a flight simulator for pilot training at a cost of €827 million. The first aircraft is to be delivered in February 2023 with deliveries scheduled to be completed by February 2027.

Marketing and orders

The C-390 has been marketed as a jet-powered alternative to the C-130 Hercules produced by Lockheed Martin. In April 2013, Brazil, Portugal, Hungary, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and the Czech Republic had signed agreements for a total of 60 C-390s.

In 2007, Correios, the Brazilian postal service, was interested in buying five or more aircraft to replace commercial freight service for mail transport. In September 2009, France planned to buy 10 C-390s to compensate the Dassault Rafale sale to Brazil. In May 2011, Correios was to buy 15 Embraer aircraft.

In October 2009, Sweden was to evaluate the C-390 in connection to its F-X2 offer on the JAS 39 Gripen.

In August 2010, the Chilean Air Force planned to order six C-390s. In September, Colombia intended to order 12 C-390s. Later that month, the Czech Air Force expressed a need for two C-390s. That month, the UAE were negotiating an agreement for military cooperation, which would involve sales of the C-390.

In October 2010, the Argentine Air Force expressed interest in buying six C-390s.

In February 2012 Peru expressed interest in the C-390.

In June 2013, Boeing agreed to market the C-390 in the US, UK, and Middle East, building on the June 2012 MoU. In August, the Colombian Air Force announced that it would acquire a fleet of C-390s to replace its Lockheed C-130 Hercules fleet.

In February 2018, aviation services company SkyTech signed a letter of intent for up to six aircraft.

In October 2019, the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, expressed his country’s interest in the C-390 during a meeting with President Jair Bolsonaro.

Operators

Brazil

Brazilian Air Force – 22 C-390s ordered, five delivered.

1st Troop Transportation Group Zeus

1st Squadron of the 1st Transportation Group (1°/1°GT) Gordo

Hungary: Hungarian Air Force – two KC-390s ordered in 2020.
Portugal: Portuguese Air Force – five C-390s ordered in 2019 to replace its C-130s.

Specifications (C-390 Millennium)

Data from Aviation Week Embraer

Embraer KC 390 3 Side View.svg

General characteristics

Crew: Two flight crew
Capacity: 80 troops / 74 stretchers and 8 attendants / 66 paratroopers / 7 463L master pallets / 6 463L master pallets and 36 troops
Length: 35.2 m (115 ft 6 in)
Wingspan: 35.05 m (115 ft 0 in)
Height: 11.84 m (38 ft 10 in)
Max takeoff weight: 86,999 kg (191,800 lb)
Fuel capacity: 23,000 kg (50,700 lb), 35,000 kg (77,160 lb) with 3 aux. fuel tanks
Useful lift: 26,000 kg (57,320 lb)
Hold length × height × width: 18.5×3.0×3.4 m (60.6×9.8×11.3 ft)
Powerplant: 2 × IAE V2500-E5 turbofan, 139.4 kN (31,330 lbf) thrust each

Performance

Maximum speed: 988 km/h (614 mph, 533 kn)
Cruise speed: 870 km/h (540 mph, 470 kn) Mach 0.8
Stall speed: 193 km/h (120 mph, 104 kn) IAS
Range: 5,820 km (3,610 mi, 3,140 nmi) with 14,000 kg (30,865 lb) payload
Range alt: 2,820 km (1,520 nmi) with 23,000 kg (51,000 lb) payload
Range alt2: 2,110 km (1,140 nmi) with 26,000 kg (57,320 lb) payload
Ferry range: 8,500 km (5,300 mi, 4,600 nmi) max. with aux. fuel tanks; normal ferry 3,310 nmi, 6,130 km
Service ceiling: 11,000 m (36,000 ft)

Armament

Hardpoints: 3 with a capacity of POD Optical / IR Rafael Litening II / IFR Cobham 900E

Avionics

Rockwell Collins Pro Line Fusion

Systems and equipment

RWR / chaff & flare (self-defense systems)
DIRCM – Directional Infrared Countermeasures (self-defense systems)
In-flight refueling system
Dual HUD system
Cabin lighting compatible with night vision systems
CCDP – Continuously Computed Drop Point, an automated, accurate drop point calculation system
CDS – Container Delivery System
LVAD – Low Velocity Airdrop Delivery
EEPGS – Emergency Electric Power Generator System (type RAT or Ram Air Turbine)

References

^ “The KC 390”. Embraer Defense & Security. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
^ Parsons, Dan (3 February 2015). “Embraer KC-390 takes maiden flight”. Flightglobal. Washington, DC. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
^ “Embraer entrega primeiro avião multimissão KC-390 à Força Aérea Brasileira”. Poder Aéreo (in Portuguese). 4 September 2019.
^ “Operação Covid-19: KC-390 Millennium e C-105 Amazonas realizam Transporte Aéreo Logístico”. Poder Aéreo (in Portuguese). 11 April 2020.
^ “FAB recebe da Embraer o quarto KC-390 Millennium”. Defesa Aérea & Naval. 19 December 2020.
^ “Presidente Bolsonaro participa da cerimônia de recebimento do quinto KC-390 da FAB”. 2 December 2021.
^ “FAB and Embraer Announce Plan for KC 390 Initial Acquisition” (Press release). São José dos Campos: Embraer. 21 July 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
^ “Inside Embraer’s KC-390 Tanker/Transport”. Aviation Week. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012.
^ O’Connor, Kate (5 September 2019). “Embraer Delivers First KC-390”. Avweb. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^ “Embraer divulga nome e designação de seu avião de transporte multimissão: C-390 Millennium”. Embraer. 18 November 2019.
^ “Boeing-Embraer joint venture: KC-390 becomes C-390 Millennium”. Aerotime Hub. 18 November 2019.
^ Trimble, Stephen (8 July 2014). “Redesign transforms KC-390 into all-new market threat”. Flightglobal. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
^ Tim Wuerfel (19 April 2019). “Pilot Report: Putting Embraer’s KC-390 Through Its Paces”. Aviation Week & Space Technology.
^ Norris, Guy (13 November 2006). “Embraer studies C-130-sized tactical airlifter”. Flightglobal. Los Angeles. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
^ Warwick, Graham (19 April 2007). “Embraer reveals details of C-390 military airlifter”. Flightglobal. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
^ “Governo investirá no cargueiro C-390 da Embraer” [Government will invest in Embraer’s C-390 cargo aircraft]. Defesa Brasil (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 March 2009.
^ “Câmara aprova verba de R$800 milhões para cargueiro militar” [Chamber approves R$800 million budget for military cargo aircraft]. Base Militar (in Portuguese). 7 November 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
^ “Defesa salva de cortes plano de avião cargueiro” [Defence saves cargo aircraft plan from cuts]. Estadão (in Portuguese). O Estado de S Paulo. 21 August 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
^ Trimble, Stephen (14 April 2009). “Brazilian Air Force signs deal launching Embraer KC-390 tanker-transport”. Flightglobal. Washington DC. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
^ Trimble, Stephen (13 May 2010). “Embraer reveals KC-390 schedule, design changes”. Flightglobal. Washington DC. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
^ Wall, Robert (21 July 2010). “KC-390 advances, F-X2 doesn’t”. Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
^ Trimble, Stephen (21 June 2011). “Embraer reveals plan for KC-390 civil stretch”. Flightglobal. Paris. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
^ “Argentina joins manufacturing of Brazil’s KC 390 jet powered military transport”. MercoPress. 19 April 2011.
^ “Garré brindó una charla a suboficiales de base naval de Mar del Plata” (in Spanish). República Argentina – Ministerio de Defensa. 10 August 2010. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
^ Embraer (24 August 2010). “Embraer Reveals Discussions on a Partnership with Chilean Aeronautics Industry for the KC-390” (Press release).
^ Croft, John (1 September 2010). “Colombia formalises Embraer KC-390 interest”. Flightglobal.
^ Portuguese Ministry of Defence (10 September 2010). “Defence Ministers of Portugal and Brazil Sign Memorandum of Understanding on the KC-390” (Press release).
^ Embraer (14 December 2011). “Brazil and Portugal Sign Defense Partnership for KC-390 Program” (Press release).
^ “Boeing and Embraer Sign Agreement for Broad Business Cooperation to Benefit Customers and Support Industry Growth” (Press release). Washington DC: Boeing. 9 April 2012.
^ “Boeing and Embraer Sign Agreement to Collaborate on KC-390 Program” (Press release). São Paulo: Boeing. 26 June 2012.
^ Trimble, Stephen (14 April 2011). “Embraer signs two new suppliers for KC-390”. Flightglobal. Rio de Janeiro.
^ “Embraer selects Rockwell Collins advanced avionics system for Brazilian Air Force KC-390 fleet” (Press release). Rockwell Collins. 4 May 2011.
^ “BAE Systems selected for Embraer KC-390 primary flight control system” (Press release). BAE Systems. 27 July 2011.
^ Embraer (8 April 2011). “KC-390 cargo jet will have landing gear by ELEB” (Press release).
^ “Embraer selects Rockwell Collins to provide KC-390 Cargo Handling and Aerial Delivery Control System” (Press release). São José dos Campos: Rockwell Collins. 11 November 2015.
^ Trimble, Stephen (26 July 2011). “IAE steps into military market with KC-390 win”. Flightglobal. Washington DC.
^ “Para Rossi, es un “hito histórico” la asociación de Argentina con Embraer en la frabricación de un nuevo avión militar”. Télam. 21 October 2014.
^ Bianconi, César; Haynes, Brad (21 October 2014). “Embraer apresenta protótipo de cargueiro KC-390 e espera acelerar vendas”. Reuters (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
^ “EMBRAER Rolls Out KC-390 Military Airlift”. DefesaNet. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
^ Carey, Bill (8 November 2015). “Embraer’s KC-390 Returns to Flight Test”. AINonline. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
^ Trimble, Stephen (30 July 2015). “Embraer announces two-year delay for KC-390”. Flightglobal.
^ “KC-390 já ultrapassou a marca de 100 horas de voo” (in Portuguese). Defesanet. 18 February 2016.
^ Alcock, Charles (17 February 2016). “Embraer’s KC-390 Returns to Flight Test”. AINonline. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
^ “Embraer conclui o segundo protótipo do cargueiro militar KC-390” (in Portuguese). Defesanet. 15 March 2016.
^ “KC-390’s Flight Test Campaign Progresses” (PDF). Embraer Defense & Security. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
^ KC-390 Flight Campaign Status (Motion picture). Embraer Defense & Security. 2016.
^ Thom Patterson (20 July 2017). “Brazilian aircraft takes on an American military icon”. CNNMoney.
^ Ranter, Harro. “ASN Aircraft accident Embraer KC-390 PT-ZNF Gavião Peixoto-Embraer Unidade Airport, SP”. aviation-safety.net.
^ Stephen Trimble (20 December 2017). “Embraer moves closer to KC-390 delivery with IOC declaration”. Flightglobal.
^ “Embraer reports KC-390 runway excursion in Gaviao Peixoto”. Flightglobal. 5 May 2018.
^ “First Production KC-390 Takes to the Air”. AIN online. 10 October 2018.
^ Garrett Reim (24 October 2018). “Embraer KC-390 receives Brazilian type certification”. Flight international.
^ “Brazilian Air Force and Embraer test KC-390 Millennium in extreme cold”.
^ “Boeing Embraer – Defense Joint Venture to Develop New Markets for the C-390 Millennium” (Press release). Boeing. 18 November 2019.
^ “Boeing Terminates Agreement to Establish Joint Ventures with Embraer” (Press release). Boeing. 25 April 2020.
^ “FAB anuncia compra menor de cargueiros da Embraer; empresa diz que buscará ‘medidas legais'”.
^ “Embraer delivers first KC-390 to the brazilian air force”. aerotime.aero. 5 September 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
^ Garrett Reim (4 September 2019). “Brazilian air force receives first Embraer KC-390”. Flightglobal.
^ “KC-390 – FAB recebe quarta aeronave KC-390 Millennium”. Defesanet. 20 December 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
^ “KC-390 transports more than 8 tons of equipment to Manaus”. defesanet.com.br. 14 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
^ “KC-390 flies on a new mission against the COVID-19 crisis in Manaus”. Aeroin.net. 14 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
^ “Embraer, Brazilian air force agree six-unit cut to C-390 contract”.
^ “Hungarian air force to get two Embraer KC-390 Millennium multirole air tankers”. airrecognition.com. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
^ “Hungary Signs Contract For Acquisition of Two Multi-Mission KC-390 Millennium Airlifters”. embraer.com. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
^ “Embraer begins production of the first KC-390 Millennium for Hungary”.
^ “Reequipamento das FA: Portugal pondera comprar avião militar brasileiro”. Sol. 23 February 2010.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ “Governo assina amanhã contrato com Embraer”. Diário Económico. 13 December 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012.
^ Agência Lusa (27 July 2017). “Governo autoriza compra de cinco aeronaves militares KC-390 também para combater incêndios”. Observador.
^ “Portugal to buy five Embraer military planes for 827 million euros”. Reuters. 11 July 2019.
^ Trimble, Stephen (10 April 2013). “Embraer expects first operational KC-390 buyer in 2014”. Flightglobal.
^ Flores, Jackson, Jr. (4 September 2007). “Brazilian postal service may order Embraer C-390 freighters”. Flightglobal.
^ “Negociação de caças franceses prevê venda de jato da Embraer” (in Porguguese). Estadão, 7 September 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
^ “Correios investirão até R$1 bi para criar aérea com aviões da Embraer”. O Globo (in Portuguese). 19 May 2011.
^ “Saab Delivers the Perfect Match to Brazil”. Defence Talk. 6 October 2009.
^ Chuter, Andrew. “Chile May Tie Up With Brazil’s KC-390”. Defense News, 25 August 2010. Archived 2 January 2013 at archive.today
^ Hoyle, Craig (14 September 2010). “Czech Republic outlines need for two KC-390s”. Flightglobal.
^ “UAE and Brazil to sign defence agreement”. Gulf News. 23 September 2010.
^ Embraer (29 October 2010). “Embraer Announces Discussions on Partnering with Argentina in the KC-390 Program” (Press release).
^ “Peru may buy 10 Embraer Super Tucanos”. Reuters. 14 February 2012.
^ “Embraer’s Multinational KC-390 Tactical Air Transport Program”. Defense Industry Daily. 22 October 2014.
^ “Colombia, tras la compra de cazas F-16” (in Spanish). Eltiempo.com. 4 August 2013.
^ “Embraer to sell six KC-390s to defense services company”. Defense News. 6 February 2018.
^ “Presidente ucraniano diz a Bolsonaro ter interesse em comprar Super Tucano e KC-390”. O Globo (in Portuguese). 21 October 2019.
^ “Portal Embraer”.
^ https://www.fab.mil.br/noticias/mostra/38808/CERIM%C3%94NIA%20MILITAR%20-%20FAB%20celebra%20Dia%20do%20Especialista%20e%20incorpora%20aeronaves
^ “Hungary Signs Contract For Acquisition of Two Multi-Mission KC-390 Millennium Airlifters”. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020.
^ “Portugal confirms purchase of military freighter KC-390”. Airway. 11 July 2019. Archived from the original on 11 July 2019.
^ “Embraer: C-390 millennium”. Archived from the original on 20 November 2019.
^ Embraer’s Continuously Computed Drop Point (CCDP) (video). Embraer. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
^ “Embraer KC-390 Millennium airlifter successfully concludes airdrop testing campaign”. embraer.com. Retrieved 25 January 2021.

Archives