The R-350M “Eagle” (Р-350М «Орел») is a Soviet portable short-wave radio transceiver designed for covert operations, primarily utilized by Spetsnaz (special forces) and espionage agents. Introduced in 1957 as a successor to the earlier R-350 model, the R-350M played a crucial role in reconnaissance, sabotage missions, and intelligence gathering behind enemy lines.
Deployment
The R-350M was specifically designed for Spetsnaz units engaged in covert operations, as well as for agents conducting espionage activities. One of its primary features was the ability to transmit messages rapidly using a technique known as “fast telegraph,” which made it nearly impossible to locate the transmitter. Operators would punch code messages onto 35mm photographic film using a tape perforator. The encoded film strip, containing 5-digit digital groups, was fed into a hand-cranked reader connected to the radio transmitter. The messages were received using specialized equipment that played back the signals at a slower speed for decryption.
Technical Specifications
- Type: Amplitude modulation simplex radio transceiver
- Receiver Section: Superheterodyne design with an intermediate frequency of 750 kHz, consisting of five miniature valves type 1Ж29Б
- Transmitter Section: Consists of five 1Ж29Б valves, and three 1П24Б parallel connected output valves
- Frequency Range:
- Transmitter: 1.8 – 12 MHz (in 11 sub-ranges selected by plug-in coils)
- Receiver: 1.8 – 7 MHz (in 2 ranges)
- Transmitter Output Power: Up to 6 W
- Receiver Sensitivity:
- For telephone work: ≤ 75 μV
- For telegraphic work: ≤ 15 μV
- Power Supply Options:
- 220 or 127 V 50 Hz mains (PZU power supply)
- Hand generator (Э-348)
- 4 СЦМ-5 batteries
- Dry batteries 2 pcs. “B” -106B and “A” – 3B
- Weight: 12.8 kg
- Dimensions: 325 x 306 x 151 mm
- Antenna Options:
- Radial antenna 26 m (with 5, 10, and 16 m connections)
- Counterweight 21 m (with 5, 10, and 15 m taps)
- Range:
- Ground wave: Up to 50 km
- Reflected wave: 50 to 1000 km
- Durability: Designed to operate in temperatures from -40 °C to +50 °C and relative humidity up to 98%
- Construction: Modular plug-in units housed in a robust, splash-proof, and dust-tight metal carry case
References
- “R-350M Spy Radio Set (Orel) USSR”. Cryptomuseum. Retrieved 13 January 2019.