• 1789: The United States House of Representatives held its first full meeting in New York City.

• 1867: Singapore became a British crown colony.

• 1970: The American President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, which required cigarette manufacturers to place warning labels on their products and banned cigarette advertising on television and radio.

• 1976: Apple Computer was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne.

• 1997: The Treaty of Amsterdam was signed, which created the European Union and expanded its powers.

• 2001: Same-sex marriage became legal in the Netherlands, making it the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage.

• 1826: Samuel M. Warren received a patent for his invention of the fire sprinkler.

• 1854: Charles Dickens’ novel “Hard Times” was published.

• 1918: The Royal Air Force was established in the United Kingdom.

• 1924: Adolf Hitler was sentenced to prison for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch, a failed coup attempt in Munich.

• 1948: The Berlin Airlift began, in which the United States and its allies delivered food and supplies to West Berlin, which was cut off by a Soviet blockade.

• 1979: Iran became an Islamic republic following the overthrow of the Shah by Ayatollah Khomeini’s revolution.

• 2004: Google announced its launch of Gmail, a free email service with a storage capacity of one gigabyte per user, which was a significant increase compared to other email services at the time.