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The Presidency of the United States Magazine
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By José Carlos Palma *

The Presidency of the United States was created in 1787 when the United States Constitution was drafted and subsequently ratified by the states. Prior to the ratification of the Constitution, the United States had operated under the Articles of Confederation, which provided for a weak central government and no executive branch.

Under the new Constitution, the President was established as the head of the executive branch, responsible for executing and enforcing the laws of the United States, and for serving as Commander-in-Chief of the military. The President was also given the power to negotiate treaties with foreign nations and to nominate and appoint judges, ambassadors, and other officials with the advice and consent of the Senate.

The creation of the Presidency was a contentious issue during the Constitutional Convention, with some delegates arguing for a single executive, while others favored a council of executives or a weak executive. Ultimately, the delegates settled on a single executive, with limited powers and subject to checks and balances by the legislative and judicial branches of government.

The first President of the United States was George Washington, who was elected by the Electoral College in 1788 and took office in 1789. Since then, 46 individuals have served as President of the United States, each with their own leadership style, priorities, and challenges.

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Presidents of the United States chronologically by year:

  1. 1789-1797: George Washington
  2. 1797-1801: John Adams
  3. 1801-1809: Thomas Jefferson
  4. 1809-1817: James Madison
  5. 1817-1825: James Monroe
  6. 1825-1829: John Quincy Adams
  7. 1829-1837: Andrew Jackson
  8. 1837-1841: Martin Van Buren
  9. 1841: William Henry Harrison
  10. 1841-1845: John Tyler
  11. 1845-1849: James K. Polk
  12. 1849-1850: Zachary Taylor
  13. 1850-1853: Millard Fillmore
  14. 1853-1857: Franklin Pierce
  15. 1857-1861: James Buchanan
  16. 1861-1865: Abraham Lincoln
  17. 1865: Andrew Johnson
  18. 1869-1877: Ulysses S. Grant
  19. 1877-1881: Rutherford B. Hayes
  20. 1881: James A. Garfield
  21. 1881-1885: Chester A. Arthur
  22. 1885-1889: Grover Cleveland
  23. 1889-1893: Benjamin Harrison
  24. 1893-1897: Grover Cleveland
  25. 1897-1901: William McKinley
  26. 1901-1909: Theodore Roosevelt
  27. 1909-1913: William Howard Taft
  28. 1913-1921: Woodrow Wilson
  29. 1921-1923: Warren G. Harding
  30. 1923-1929: Calvin Coolidge
  31. 1929-1933: Herbert Hoover
  32. 1933-1945: Franklin D. Roosevelt
  33. 1945-1953: Harry S. Truman
  34. 1953-1961: Dwight D. Eisenhower
  35. 1961-1963: John F. Kennedy
  36. 1963-1969: Lyndon B. Johnson
  37. 1969-1974: Richard Nixon
  38. 1974-1977: Gerald Ford
  39. 1977-1981: Jimmy Carter
  40. 1981-1989: Ronald Reagan
  41. 1989-1993: George H. W. Bush
  42. 1993-2001: Bill Clinton
  43. 2001-2009: George W. Bush
  44. 2009-2017: Barack Obama
  45. 2017-2021: Donald Trump
  46. 2021-present: Joe Biden
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* Expert in international relations, such as foreign policy, international trade, domestic security, international security, developing nations, and domestic security, intelligence, and military.

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